*Information for competitive devices excerpted from the literature published by Medtronic (M982261A015 Rev A, M939241A059 Rev B, M013074C001 Rev B, M982097A013 Rev A, M13075C001 Rev B, M019192C001 Rev B) and Abbott (ARTEN600379244 A, ARTEN600102238 - A, ARTEN600338390 A, ARTEN600340313 B), and
Schüpbach, Michael & Chabardes, Stephan & Matthies, Cordula & Pollo, Claudio & Steigerwald, Frank & Timmermann, Lars & Vandewalle, Veerle & Volkmann, Jens & Schuurman, P.. (2017). Directional leads for deep brain stimulation: Opportunities and challenges. Movement Disorders. 32. 10.1002/mds.27096.
Steffen, J. K., Reker, P., Mennicken, F. K., Dembek, T. A., Dafsari, H. S., Fink, G. R., Visser-Vandewalle, V., & Barbe, M. T. (2020). Bipolar Directional Deep Brain Stimulation in Essential and Parkinsonian Tremor. Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface, 23(4), 543–549. DOI: 10.1111/ner.13109
Reker, P., Dembek, T. A., Becker, J., Visser-Vandewalle, V., & Timmermann, L. (2016). Directional deep brain stimulation: A case of avoiding dysarthria with bipolar directional current steering. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 31, 156-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.08.007
Kirsch, A. D., Hassin-Baer, S., Matthies, C., Volkmann, J., & Steigerwald, F. (2018). Anodic versus cathodic neurostimulation of the subthalamic nucleus: A randomized-controlled study of acute clinical effects. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 55, 61-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.05.015.
Boston Scientific (Vercise ™ Neural Navigator 5 Software Programming Manual MP92736308-01).