Calcium can preclude optimal stenting. Asymmetrical stent expansion occurs in up to 50% of cases where calcium is not treated before stent deployment.²
With DES, rotational atherectomy is an important tool for calcified lesions. Lesion preparation with compliance change for a calcified lesion can substantially facilitate stent delivery and symmetrical stent expansion for more homogeneous drug delivery.³
Patients with lesions that appear treatable with PTCA or stenting may have benefited from pre-treatment with rotational atherectomy.

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¹ Mintz et al., Patterns of Calcification in Coronary Artery Disease. Circulation April 1995, Volume 91, No 7
² Moussa, Moses, Columbo et al., Coronary Stenting After Rotational Atherectomy in Calcified and Complex Lesions. Circulation 1997; 96:128-136
³ Iakovou, I. et. al., J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:1446-55